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What Is the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

Published on Jan 29, 2026

Updated on Jan 29, 2026

Updated on Jan 29, 2026

Table of Contents

What Is the Parasympathetic Nervous System?

When you’re living with chronic symptoms, your body can feel stuck in survival mode. Understanding the parasympathetic nervous system can help explain why rest, safety, and regulation are often missing and why supporting them can be part of recovery.

The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is part of the autonomic nervous system, which governs many automatic functions in the body. While the sympathetic nervous system mobilises the body in moments of stress, the PNS supports the body’s ability to slow down and recover.[1] The PNS plays a central role in regulating heart rate, digestion, and many processes that help you feel grounded and supported.[2][3]

The Role and Function of the Parasympathetic Nervous System

The parasympathetic nervous system helps the body return to calm states and supports functions such as:

  • Slowing heart rate[1]

  • Supporting digestion and nutrient absorption[2]

  • Reducing muscle tension

  • Encouraging restorative processes throughout the body

When the PNS is more engaged, the body conserves energy and focuses on maintenance rather than protection.[1][4] This capacity for “rest and digest” regulation is essential for wellbeing and may be especially meaningful for people experiencing ongoing symptoms.[1][2]

Parasympathetic Nervous System vs Sympathetic Nervous System

To understand the parasympathetic nervous system, it helps to look at how it relates to the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic system supports acute activation and stress responses, often called the fight or flight response. The parasympathetic nervous system works alongside it to slow things down and support recovery after activation.[2][4][8] These systems are part of a coordinated network that helps maintain balance in the body.[8]

In many chronic conditions, that balancing process becomes harder for the nervous system to manage.[1][2]

Fight or Flight, Chronic Stress, and the Nervous System

For people living with conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, long-term pain, or fatigue, the nervous system can remain in a heightened state of alert. Chronic stress keeps the sympathetic system activated and can suppress parasympathetic regulation, contributing to symptoms such as fatigue, pain, and emotional dysregulation.[9][31]

Supporting parasympathetic function can be part of helping the nervous system learn to feel safe again over time, especially when the goal is to support regulation rather than achieve a specific outcome.

Supporting Parasympathetic Regulation with re-origin

The re-origin program supports nervous system regulation through science-based neuroplasticity training designed to help participants explore how chronic stress patterns contribute to persistent symptoms. People exploring this approach often resonate with how it reframes regulation challenges in long COVID, chronic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and chronic Lyme disease.[1][2]

Through structured practices and supportive guidance, re-origin encourages greater capacity for parasympathetic engagement — helping the nervous system spend more time in states associated with rest and recovery.

Momentum Group Coaching provides connection and support from certified coaches and peers navigating similar experiences.

Chronic Health Conditions and the Parasympathetic Nervous System

Dysregulation of the parasympathetic nervous system is discussed in scientific literature in relation to a range of chronic health conditions and stress-linked states. Low parasympathetic flexibility and reduced heart-rate variability have been associated with anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms, supporting the idea that regulation capacity matters for emotional and physiological coping.[31]

People exploring nervous system models often connect these insights with symptoms related to:

  • Chronic pain[7]

  • Fibromyalgia[3]

  • Chronic fatigue syndrome

  • Long COVID

  • Anxiety and mood-related conditions

You can explore related symptoms and regulation patterns on the re-origin conditions page.

Lifestyle Practices That Support Parasympathetic Activity

Alongside structured neuroplasticity training, lifestyle practices can help create conditions for parasympathetic activation. These may include:

  • Mindfulness and present-moment awareness

  • Slow, intentional breathing

  • Gentle movement such as yoga or stretching

  • Consistent sleep routines

  • Reducing cognitive and emotional overload

While not treatments, these approaches are supported by research showing how breath, mindfulness, and intentional regulation practices influence autonomic balance and vagal tone.[9][30]

The Role of Community and Support

Healing in isolation can be difficult when symptoms are long-standing or poorly understood. Supportive environments like the re-origin community offer education, validation, and shared understanding. Connecting with others working on regulation patterns can help reinforce safety cues and encourage supportive practices that help the nervous system learn to feel safer.

Conclusion

The parasympathetic nervous system plays a central role in supporting regulation of physiological systems involved in stress recovery, digestion, heart rate, and emotional balance. By exploring its interaction with the sympathetic nervous system and how chronic stress can keep the body in a heightened state, many people begin to see their symptoms through a new lens.

For those navigating chronic health conditions, nervous system-informed approaches like re-origin offer a compassionate pathway toward increased regulation capacity. To explore tailored resources, visit the re-origin conditions page or learn more about the re-origin program.

Natalie Rivans

Natalie Rivans

Community Manager & Coach

Natalie joined re-origin in 2022 after years of chronic pain and mental health challenges. Learning about neuroplasticity led her to the program, where she fully recovered and now helps others heal. With a background in mental health and addiction support, she brings deep insight into the mind-body connection and is passionate about using neuroplasticity and creativity to help others change their relationship with pain and recovery.

References
  1. Benarroch, E. E. (1993). The central autonomic network: Functional organization, dysfunction, and perspective. Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/parasympathetic-nervous-system
  2. Breit, S., Kupferberg, A., Rogler, G., & Hasler, G. (2018). Vagus nerve as modulator of the brain–gut axis in psychiatric and inflammatory disorders. Frontiers in Psychiatry.
    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5859128/
  3. Clauw, D. J. (2014). Fibromyalgia: A clinical review. JAMA.
    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763421004632
  4. McCorry, L. K. (2007). Physiology of the autonomic nervous system. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.
    https://www.britannica.com/science/human-nervous-system/Parasympathetic-nervous-system
  5. Shaffer, F., McCraty, R., & Zerr, C. L. (2014). A healthy heart is not a metronome: An integrative review of the heart’s anatomy and heart rate variability. Frontiers in Psychology.
    https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/51684/understanding-the-role-of-the-autonomic-nervous-system-in-health-and-disease/magazine
  6. Guyton, A. C., & Hall, J. E. (2016). Textbook of medical physiology (13th ed.). Elsevier.
    https://www.britannica.com/science/human-nervous-system/The-autonomic-nervous-system
  7. Tracy, L. M., Ioannou, L., Baker, K. S., Gibson, S. J., & Georgiou-Karistianis, N. (2016). Meta-analytic evidence for decreased heart rate variability in chronic pain. The Journal of Pain.
    https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pain-research/articles/10.3389/fpain.2025.1410808/full
  8. Thayer, J. F., & Lane, R. D. (2000). A model of neurovisceral integration. Biological Psychology.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-0511(00)00054-8
  9. Porges, S. W. (2009). The polyvagal theory: New insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine.
    https://www.ifm.org/articles/understanding-ptsd-from-a-polyvagal-perspective
  10. Bonaz, B., Sinniger, V., & Pellissier, S. (2016). Vagus nerve stimulation: A new promising therapeutic tool in inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Internal Medicine.
    https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/2/122
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